History — research notes and discussionshttps://podcompanions.com/topics/history/feed.xml2026-10-23T00:00:00ZPodCompanionsurn:podcompanions:discussion:m-jre-2568-ross-edgley-discussion-polar-transportEdgley contrasts Amundsen’s transport preparations with Scott’s expedition and reflects on survival, suffering and the appeal of endurance challenges.Edgley contrasts Amundsen’s transport preparations with Scott’s expedition and reflects on survival, suffering and the appeal of endurance challenges.2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zurn:podcompanions:discussion:m-jre-2568-ross-edgley-discussion-berserkers-and-stamford-bridgeThe speakers discuss competing explanations of berserker, a Stamford Bridge story and examples of strength in grappling.The speakers discuss competing explanations of berserker, a Stamford Bridge story and examples of strength in grappling.2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/lex-fridman/443-gregory-aldrete/#t-reconstructing-armourResearch note: A successful reconstruction tests a possibilityA successful reconstruction tests a possibility2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/lex-fridman/443-gregory-aldrete/#t-pliny-and-trajanResearch note: Administrative uncertainty coexisted with persecutionAdministrative uncertainty coexisted with persecution2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/lex-fridman/443-gregory-aldrete/#t-concrete-mechanismResearch note: Concrete durability needs a material mechanismConcrete durability needs a material mechanism2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/lex-fridman/443-gregory-aldrete/#t-collar-as-objectResearch note: A collar carries more evidence than its inscriptionA collar carries more evidence than its inscription2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/lex-fridman/443-gregory-aldrete/#t-citizenship-documentResearch note: Citizenship could be documented in bronzeCitizenship could be documented in bronze2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/lex-fridman/443-gregory-aldrete/#t-augustus-own-accountResearch note: Augustus advertised restraint while recording his powersAugustus advertised restraint while recording his powers2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-shattering-reversalResearch note: A trait can return without reversing every step of domesticationA trait can return without reversing every step of domestication2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-sayburc-contextResearch note: Place a repeated motif in its excavated settingPlace a repeated motif in its excavated setting2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-retraction-reasonResearch note: The journal gave a specific dating reason for the retractionThe journal gave a specific dating reason for the retraction2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-managed-forestResearch note: Human influence was substantial and geographically unevenHuman influence was substantial and geographically uneven2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-hydraulic-proposalResearch note: A proposed construction lift is a specific engineering hypothesisA proposed construction lift is a specific engineering hypothesis2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-footprint-checksResearch note: Independent dating methods strengthen the White Sands chronologyIndependent dating methods strengthen the White Sands chronology2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2215-graham-hancock/#t-cyprus-modelResearch note: The migration estimate is a model, not a recovered fleetThe migration estimate is a model, not a recovered fleet2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2051-graham-hancock/#t-wood-joint-evidenceResearch note: The wooden joint is direct evidence; its maker remains uncertainThe wooden joint is direct evidence; its maker remains uncertain2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2051-graham-hancock/#t-void-not-galleryResearch note: A detected void is not yet an identified second galleryA detected void is not yet an identified second gallery2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2051-graham-hancock/#t-spheres-in-contextResearch note: Movable stone objects can still retain archaeological contextMovable stone objects can still retain archaeological context2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2051-graham-hancock/#t-independent-footprint-testsResearch note: A surprising chronology becomes stronger through independent testsA surprising chronology becomes stronger through independent tests2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2051-graham-hancock/#t-gates-of-dreamsResearch note: Homer’s two gates appear in an uncertain conversation about a dreamHomer’s two gates appear in an uncertain conversation about a dream2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2051-graham-hancock/#t-forest-and-earthworksResearch note: Earthworks and a living forest can belong to the same landscapeEarthworks and a living forest can belong to the same landscape2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-serpent-chronologyResearch note: A mound’s construction date depends on what the sample datesA mound’s construction date depends on what the sample dates2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-population-y-routeResearch note: Genetic affinity does not specify an ocean crossingGenetic affinity does not specify an ocean crossing2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-lidar-limitsResearch note: A terrain map reveals structures, while dating needs contextA terrain map reveals structures, while dating needs context2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-hiawatha-updateResearch note: The crater received a much older date after this conversationThe crater received a much older date after this conversation2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-gobekli-revisionsResearch note: Changing an archaeological model does not identify a lost teacherChanging an archaeological model does not identify a lost teacher2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-dark-earth-practiceResearch note: Dark earth records sustained land managementDark earth records sustained land management2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-cerutti-inferenceResearch note: Dating the bones and identifying their breaker are separate testsDating the bones and identifying their breaker are separate tests2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/1284-graham-hancock/#t-antikythera-functionResearch note: The mechanism’s evidence is astronomicalThe mechanism’s evidence is astronomical2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/why-the-great-pyramid-summit-is-missing/#t-units-and-geometryResearch note: Check whether a number describes a side or a circuitCheck whether a number describes a side or a circuit2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/why-the-great-pyramid-summit-is-missing/#t-manuscript-comparisonResearch note: A copied table needs a traceable originalA copied table needs a traceable original2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/why-the-great-pyramid-summit-is-missing/#t-exposure-datingResearch note: Surface dating needs a suitable sample and calibrationSurface dating needs a suitable sample and calibration2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/why-the-great-pyramid-summit-is-missing/#t-dating-versus-motiveResearch note: A changed summit does not identify who removed itA changed summit does not identify who removed it2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/why-the-great-pyramid-summit-is-missing/#t-course-conventionsResearch note: A step count is not always a masonry-course countA step count is not always a masonry-course count2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/why-the-great-pyramid-summit-is-missing/#t-ancient-accountResearch note: An ancient account is not automatically a measured surveyAn ancient account is not automatically a measured survey2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-weathering-testsResearch note: Flaking and fractures call for different measurementsFlaking and fractures call for different measurements2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-thermal-hypothesisResearch note: Thermal movement is a mechanism hypothesis, not a repair dateThermal movement is a mechanism hypothesis, not a repair date2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-ritual-landscapeResearch note: A pyramid belonged to a wider working and ritual landscapeA pyramid belonged to a wider working and ritual landscape2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-patch-mapResearch note: A damage map needs visible classification rulesA damage map needs visible classification rules2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-failure-is-specificResearch note: A foundation claim does not settle every structural questionA foundation claim does not settle every structural question2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-dating-patchesResearch note: Choose a dating method for the event being testedChoose a dating method for the event being tested2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/revenge-of-the-bent-pyramid/#t-dated-marksResearch note: Dates on blocks need their archaeological contextDates on blocks need their archaeological context2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/pyramid-data-nobody-can-see/#t-survey-editionsResearch note: A survey needs its full measurement recordA survey needs its full measurement record2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/pyramid-data-nobody-can-see/#t-rope-hypothesisResearch note: Matching patterns do not establish a rope mechanismMatching patterns do not establish a rope mechanism2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/pyramid-data-nobody-can-see/#t-methods-and-inferenceResearch note: Separate an image, a measurement and an interpretationSeparate an image, a measurement and an interpretation2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/pyramid-data-nobody-can-see/#t-linked-archivesResearch note: Why linking a model to its archive mattersWhy linking a model to its archive matters2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/pyramid-data-nobody-can-see/#t-historical-imagesResearch note: A useful photograph can come with an unsupported interpretationA useful photograph can come with an unsupported interpretation2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/pyramid-data-nobody-can-see/#t-durable-dataResearch note: Preservation needs more than a digital filePreservation needs more than a digital file2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/roman-britain/#t-tablet-and-perspectiveResearch note: A military tablet preserves a viewpoint, with uncertainties attachedA military tablet preserves a viewpoint, with uncertainties attached2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/roman-britain/#t-swords-and-chronologyResearch note: The abandoned cavalry swords belong to an earlier fortThe abandoned cavalry swords belong to an earlier fort2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/roman-britain/#t-severus-final-campaignResearch note: Severus’s final campaign ended in BritainSeverus’s final campaign ended in Britain2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/roman-britain/#t-migration-and-identityResearch note: Later DNA evidence separates migration from burial styleLater DNA evidence separates migration from burial style2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/roman-britain/#t-gildas-purposeResearch note: Gildas explains his purpose before recounting the collapseGildas explains his purpose before recounting the collapse2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/roman-britain/#t-burial-and-motiveResearch note: An unrecovered hoard does not explain its own burialAn unrecovered hoard does not explain its own burial2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-tomb-was-disturbedResearch note: Tutankhamun’s tomb was rich but not untouchedTutankhamun’s tomb was rich but not untouched2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-strike-and-scaleResearch note: A strike record shows a specific failure of provisioningA strike record shows a specific failure of provisioning2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-narmer-imageResearch note: Royal imagery is evidence with a purposeRoyal imagery is evidence with a purpose2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-merer-logbookResearch note: A transport log documents one part of constructionA transport log documents one part of construction2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-injury-and-narrativeResearch note: A fatal injury does not reconstruct the whole plotA fatal injury does not reconstruct the whole plot2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-hyksos-mobilityResearch note: Migration evidence tests a simple invasion storyMigration evidence tests a simple invasion story2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/egypt/#t-carbon-and-contextResearch note: Radiocarbon gives ranges that still need contextRadiocarbon gives ranges that still need context2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/byzantium/#t-water-needs-maintenanceResearch note: A long aqueduct required repeated maintenanceA long aqueduct required repeated maintenance2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/byzantium/#t-sack-and-testimonyResearch note: Choniates records loss through a participant’s moral languageChoniates records loss through a participant’s moral language2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/byzantium/#t-repairs-under-bombardmentResearch note: The walls survived through continuous repairsThe walls survived through continuous repairs2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/byzantium/#t-pathogen-not-death-tollResearch note: Ancient DNA identifies a pathogen, not a total death tollAncient DNA identifies a pathogen, not a total death toll2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/byzantium/#t-fire-passage-contextResearch note: Anna’s fire passage concerns a later land siegeAnna’s fire passage concerns a later land siege2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/fall-of-civilizations/byzantium/#t-amida-is-laterResearch note: The Amida quotation describes a different centuryThe Amida quotation describes a different century2026-10-23T00:00:00Z2026-10-23T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/unchartedx/giza-granite-blocks/#t-shape-and-manufacturing-evidenceResearch note: A smooth surface does not identify its maker’s toolA smooth surface does not identify its maker’s tool2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/unchartedx/giza-granite-blocks/#t-moment-1Research note: What remains inside an ancient drill holeWhat remains inside an ancient drill hole2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/unchartedx/giza-granite-blocks/#t-couch-radius-and-toleranceResearch note: The couch’s radius is not an error toleranceThe couch’s radius is not an error tolerance2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/real-af/1070-france-ukraine-january-6/#t-treaties-and-ukraineResearch note: Treaty rules and the invasion of UkraineTreaty rules and the invasion of Ukraine2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2568-ross-edgley/#t-zatopek-olympic-tripleResearch note: The Olympic treble behind the Zátopek storyThe Olympic treble behind the Zátopek story2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2568-ross-edgley/#t-polar-transportResearch note: Polar endurance depended on transport as well as resolvePolar endurance depended on transport as well as resolve2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2568-ross-edgley/#t-moment-1Research note: Iceland’s four guardians in the national coat of armsIceland’s four guardians in the national coat of arms2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2563-dan-richards/#t-rapanui-genetic-contactResearch note: What ancient genomes say about Pacific contactWhat ancient genomes say about Pacific contact2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2563-dan-richards/#t-moment-1Research note: How a Paracas mantle was madeHow a Paracas mantle was made2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/jre/2563-dan-richards/#t-comcomly-measurementsResearch note: What the Comcomly report actually measuredWhat the Comcomly report actually measured2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/great-pyramid-construction/#t-ramp-evidenceResearch note: What counts as evidence for a building ramp?What counts as evidence for a building ramp?2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/great-pyramid-construction/#t-moment-1Research note: The numbers behind the pyramid’s gravity surveyThe numbers behind the pyramid’s gravity survey2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Zhttps://podcompanions.com/history-for-granite/great-pyramid-construction/#t-meidum-building-phasesResearch note: Meidum records more than one designMeidum records more than one design2026-10-20T00:00:00Z2026-10-21T00:00:00Z